Testing Positive for HIV: What to Do Next and How to Stay Healthy
Understanding the Importance of an HIV Diagnosis
Testing positive for HIV can be overwhelming, and many people experience fear, uncertainty, and anxiety about their future. However, it is important to know that HIV is a manageable condition when treated correctly. Thanks to advances in HIV medicines, also known as antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV can live long, healthy, and fulfilling lives.
The most important step after testing positive for HIV is to seek medical care immediately. Even if you do not feel sick, starting treatment as soon as possible will protect your immune system, lower your viral load, and reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others.
First Steps After Testing Positive for HIV
Schedule an Appointment with a Health Care Provider
If you have recently tested positive, do not delay in contacting a qualified health care provider. The sooner you begin medical care, the better your chances of maintaining good health and preventing complications.
During your first medical visit after testing positive for HIV, you can expect:
- A review of your personal and medical history.
- A physical examination.
- Several important laboratory tests that will help your health care provider determine the best treatment plan for you.
Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
HIV treatment with ART is recommended for everyone diagnosed with HIV, regardless of age, health condition, or stage of infection. ART helps:
- Control the virus.
- Strengthen your immune system.
- Reduce the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners.
- Prevent progression to AIDS.
The goal of treatment is to achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load, which means the virus cannot be detected by standard tests and cannot be passed on through sex.
What to Expect During Your First HIV Care Visit
When you first see your doctor after testing positive for HIV, they will run specific tests to determine your current health status and guide your treatment.
CD4 Count
A CD4 count measures the number of CD4 cells in your blood. These cells are a vital part of your immune system. Without treatment, HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells, weakening your body’s ability to fight off infections. ART helps protect these cells and allows your immune system to stay strong.
Viral Load Test
The viral load test measures how much HIV is in your blood. A high viral load indicates that the virus is actively replicating, while a low or undetectable viral load means the treatment is working. The main goal of ART is to reduce your viral load to undetectable levels.
Drug-Resistance Testing
Because HIV can develop resistance to certain medicines, your provider will conduct drug-resistance testing. This test identifies which HIV medicines are most effective for your specific strain of the virus. This ensures your treatment regimen is tailored for the best possible outcome.
Starting HIV Treatment After Testing Positive
How Soon Should You Begin ART?
Experts recommend starting HIV medicines as soon as possible after diagnosis. Early treatment helps prevent damage to the immune system, reduces complications, and lowers the chance of transmitting HIV to others.
Addressing Barriers to Treatment
Some people may face challenges in starting or sticking to HIV treatment, such as:
- Lack of health insurance.
- High cost of medications.
- Transportation or housing issues.
- Fear of stigma or discrimination.
Health care providers can connect you to resources such as the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs), and community organizations that provide support with medical costs, counseling, and treatment adherence.
Asking Questions During Your First Appointment
After testing positive for HIV, your first medical visit is also an opportunity to ask questions. It is normal to feel anxious, but asking for clarity will help you feel more in control of your health. Common questions include:
- Will HIV turn into AIDS if I take my medicine?
- How can I protect myself from other infections?
- How can I prevent passing HIV to my partner?
- What lifestyle changes should I make to stay healthy?
- Are there support groups for people living with HIV?
- What resources are available to help pay for HIV treatment?
Remember, your health care provider’s role is to support you, provide accurate information, and help you overcome barriers to treatment.
Living Healthy After Testing Positive for HIV
The Role of Treatment Adherence
Taking HIV medicines consistently, exactly as prescribed, is the cornerstone of staying healthy. Missing doses can allow the virus to multiply and develop resistance, making treatment less effective.
Regular Medical Care
Even when you feel well, attending scheduled appointments is essential. Ongoing monitoring helps your provider ensure the treatment is working and address any side effects or concerns.
Mental and Emotional Health
An HIV diagnosis can affect your mental health. Seeking counseling, joining support groups, or speaking with a trusted friend or family member can help you manage stress, anxiety, or depression related to your diagnosis.
Reducing the Risk of Transmission
Living with HIV also means taking steps to protect others. By staying on treatment and maintaining an undetectable viral load, you will not transmit HIV through sex. This concept is widely known as U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable).
Reliable Resources for People Newly Diagnosed with HIV
If you or someone you know has recently tested positive for HIV, here are some resources that can provide guidance and support:
- HIVinfo: Offers fact sheets and guidance on treatment, care, and living with HIV.
- Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program: Provides medical care and support services for low-income individuals with HIV.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Offers information about living with HIV, reducing transmission, and finding treatment services.
Conclusion
Testing positive for HIV is a life-changing moment, but it does not define your future. With the right medical care, treatment adherence, and support systems, people with HIV can live long, healthy lives. The most important step is to start treatment as soon as possible, keep regular medical appointments, and remain consistent with HIV medicines.
By staying informed, seeking medical care, and taking proactive steps, you can successfully manage your health and protect others while living fully after an HIV diagnosis.
This fact sheet is based on information from the following sources:
From the NIH Office of AIDS Research:
- Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents With HIV:
